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Slat & Shade

Pergola vs pavilion

One word separates these: roof. Everything else people argue about online follows from it, including the two things that actually cost you money.

By Ryder M. · Published · Last updated

We compare published manufacturer specifications, warranty terms and owner-reported failure modes. We have not physically tested these structures. How we judge shade structures

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Part of Pergolas

Solid-roofed backyard pavilion with brick piers and timber beams over a paved dining area

The short answer

A pergola has an open roof — slats, louvers or nothing — and a pavilion has a solid one. The solid roof is why a pavilion keeps rain off and a pergola usually does not, and also why a pavilion collects far more wind and snow load, is more likely to need a permit, and costs more. Buy the pavilion for shelter, the pergola for shade and airflow.

Our picks at a glance

Pergola vs pavilion: our ranked picks.
#StructureBest forWind ratingPrice
01
Cedar-framed gazebo with heavy posts and a brown galvanized steel peak roof on a patio
Backyard Discovery Norwood Cedar GazeboThe only gazebo we can find that publishes a 100 mph wind rating and a convertible snow figure — and it converts to roughly 56 lb/ft², several times any other hardtop here.
The pavilion case, in published figures100 (Pro-Tect tested; product must be anchored per the manual)Check price on Amazon
02
Aluminum louvered pergola with adjustable roof slats over a paved patio, louvers part open
PURPLE LEAF Athena Louvered PergolaThe highest wind figure any louvered pergola in this class publishes, and the only one that ties the number to a specific anchoring condition.
The answer most people actually want72 (fully secured with expansion screws on a hardened floor)Check price on Amazon
03
Aluminum pergola with a translucent polycarbonate roof panel over a wooden deck
Outsunny Hardtop Polycarbonate PergolaA solid-roof aluminum pergola that publishes a roof load figure instead of a wind rating — useful for rain, unproven for wind.
The cheapest solid roofNot published by manufacturerCheck price on Amazon
04
Cedar gazebo with heavy square posts and a brown aluminum roof on a backyard patio
Yardistry Meridian 12 x 14 Cedar GazeboThe only structure here with 6x6 cedar posts and a five-year rot warranty — and it publishes no wind or snow figure at all.
Pavilion look, timber buildNot published by manufacturerCheck price on Amazon
Pergola vs pavilion: our ranked picks. Tap any row for the full write-up. Specifications are the manufacturer’s own published figures — see the Durability Table below for the source behind every number.

The durability table

Every published figure we could source for these structures, in one place, with the manufacturer page each number came from. Where a cell reads "Not published by manufacturer", that figure does not exist in the manufacturer's own material — we do not estimate it and we do not copy one from another site.

Published durability specifications: pergola vs pavilion.
ModelWind rating (mph)Snow loadFrameRoofAnchoring requiredWarrantySpec source
Backyard Discovery Norwood Cedar GazeboTop pick100 (Pro-Tect tested; product must be anchored per the manual)6,700 lb across the roof, or up to 30 in. of snow (12 x 10 ft model — roughly 56 lb/ft²)100% cedar, 6 in. x 6 in. posts, galvanized steel hardware29-gauge galvanized steel peak roof, thermal insulatedMandatory. Product must be anchored as specified in the instruction manual5 yearsBackyard Discovery Norwood 12x10 product pageChecked 2026-09-26
PURPLE LEAF Athena Louvered Pergola72 (fully secured with expansion screws on a hardened floor)Not published by manufacturerPowder-coated aluminum, 1.5 mm wall, 4.33 in. x 4.33 in. crossbeamsAdjustable aluminum louvers with integrated drainageExpansion screws into a hardened floor — the published wind figure assumes it1 yearPURPLE LEAF louvered pergola collectionChecked 2026-09-26
Outsunny Hardtop Polycarbonate PergolaNot published by manufacturerRoof weight capacity 10 lb/ft² (50 kg/m²)AluminumSolid polycarbonate with drainage holesNot published by manufacturer1 yearOutsunny hardtop pergola product pageChecked 2026-09-26
Yardistry Meridian 12 x 14 Cedar GazeboNot published by manufacturerNot published by manufacturer100% premium cedar, 6 in. x 6 in. posts with heavy corner gussetsRust-proof coffee-brown aluminumPost mounting brackets supplied; anchoring hardware is not, because mounting surfaces vary1 year on materials and workmanship; 5 years on lumber against rot and decayYardistry Meridian 12x14 product pageChecked 2026-09-26
Published durability specifications: pergola vs pavilion. Every figure above is the manufacturer’s own published specification, checked on the date shown in the source column. Where a cell reads “Not published by manufacturer”, no figure exists in the manufacturer’s material — we do not estimate one, and we do not carry one over from another site.

Every pick in full

Cedar-framed gazebo with heavy posts and a brown galvanized steel peak roof on a patio

The pavilion case, in published figures

Backyard Discovery Norwood Cedar Gazebo

The only gazebo we can find that publishes a 100 mph wind rating and a convertible snow figure — and it converts to roughly 56 lb/ft², several times any other hardtop here.

Wind rating
100 (Pro-Tect tested; product must be anchored per the manual)
Snow load
6,700 lb across the roof, or up to 30 in. of snow (12 x 10 ft model — roughly 56 lb/ft²)
Frame
100% cedar, 6 in. x 6 in. posts, galvanized steel hardware
Roof
29-gauge galvanized steel peak roof, thermal insulated
Anchoring
Mandatory. Product must be anchored as specified in the instruction manual
Warranty
5 years
Sizes
10 x 10, 12 x 10, 14 x 10, 14 x 12, 16 x 12, 20 x 12 and 24 x 12 ft

If you want to know what a solid roof on heavy posts is worth, this is the product that puts a number on it.

100 mph Pro-Tect tested wind rating, 6,700 lb of snow capacity over a 12 x 10 ft roof — roughly 56 lb/ft² — or up to 30 inches of snow, with a manufacturer statement that the structure must be anchored as specified. Nothing else in the solid-roof category publishes that set.

The structure behind it is 100% cedar with 6 in. x 6 in. posts under a 29-gauge galvanized steel peak roof. A 6x6 timber post set into proper anchors is a far larger structural section than the aluminum tube under most backyard roofs, which is why the figures are four digits ahead of the field.

The cost is maintenance. Re-seal every two to three years and this is the structure still standing and still repairable in twenty. Skip it and cedar grays, checks at the through-bolts and rots at the end grain. Pergola maintenance is honest about the schedule.

Skip it if: You want sun on the space some of the time. A solid peak roof is a permanent decision about light.

Check price on Amazon

#ad Price shown as of September 26, 2026. How this site is funded

Specifications from Backyard Discovery Norwood 12x10 product page, checked 2026-09-26.

Aluminum louvered pergola with adjustable roof slats over a paved patio, louvers part open

The answer most people actually want

PURPLE LEAF Athena Louvered Pergola

The highest wind figure any louvered pergola in this class publishes, and the only one that ties the number to a specific anchoring condition.

Wind rating
72 (fully secured with expansion screws on a hardened floor)
Snow load
Not published by manufacturer
Frame
Powder-coated aluminum, 1.5 mm wall, 4.33 in. x 4.33 in. crossbeams
Roof
Adjustable aluminum louvers with integrated drainage
Anchoring
Expansion screws into a hardened floor — the published wind figure assumes it
Warranty
1 year
Sizes
10 x 12 ft to 14 x 24 ft

The louvered pergola exists because the pergola-versus-pavilion question has a third answer, and for a lot of yards it is the right one: a roof that is open when you want light and closed when you want shelter.

72 mph fully secured with expansion screws on a hardened floor — the highest published wind figure in the louvered class, and the only one that names the condition it was measured under.

Powder-coated aluminum with a 1.5 mm wall and 4.33 in. x 4.33 in. crossbeams, under adjustable louvers with integrated drainage. The drainage is the part that makes it a shelter rather than a slatted roof: closed, rain runs out through the beam instead of through the middle of the space.

One year of warranty, which is the class norm and the weakest part of the proposition. Is a louvered pergola worth it works through the premium properly.

Skip it if: You are in heavy snow country. PURPLE LEAF publishes no snow figure at all for these, and a closed louvered roof collects load like any other solid plane.

Check price on Amazon

#ad Price shown as of September 26, 2026. How this site is funded

Specifications from PURPLE LEAF louvered pergola collection, checked 2026-09-26.

Aluminum pergola with a translucent polycarbonate roof panel over a wooden deck

The cheapest solid roof

Outsunny Hardtop Polycarbonate Pergola

A solid-roof aluminum pergola that publishes a roof load figure instead of a wind rating — useful for rain, unproven for wind.

Wind rating
Not published by manufacturer
Snow load
Roof weight capacity 10 lb/ft² (50 kg/m²)
Frame
Aluminum
Roof
Solid polycarbonate with drainage holes
Anchoring
Not published by manufacturer
Warranty
1 year
Sizes
12 x 10 ft, 14.5 x 10 ft, 16.5 x 10 ft

A pergola frame with a pavilion roof on it, which is exactly what a lot of buyers are looking for when they type this comparison into Google.

Aluminum frame under solid polycarbonate with drainage holes, and a published roof weight capacity of 10 lb/ft² (50 kg/m²). A roof capacity is not a snow rating and we will not read it as one, but it is a published figure in a class where most listings carry none.

Light still comes through, which is the real argument for polycarbonate over steel in a small yard. A solid steel roof over a 12 ft patio makes the room behind it noticeably darker; a translucent panel does not.

Sizes are 12 x 10 ft, 14.5 x 10 ft and 16.5 x 10 ft, and no wind figure is published. Compare that against the 100 mph on the cedar structure above and you have the honest summary of what a light aluminum frame with a solid roof is and is not.

Skip it if: You are comparing on wind. Outsunny publishes no wind rating for this, and a solid roof on a light frame is exactly where you would want one.

Check price on Amazon

#ad Price shown as of September 26, 2026. How this site is funded

Specifications from Outsunny hardtop pergola product page, checked 2026-09-26.

Cedar gazebo with heavy square posts and a brown aluminum roof on a backyard patio

Pavilion look, timber build

Yardistry Meridian 12 x 14 Cedar Gazebo

The only structure here with 6x6 cedar posts and a five-year rot warranty — and it publishes no wind or snow figure at all.

Wind rating
Not published by manufacturer
Snow load
Not published by manufacturer
Frame
100% premium cedar, 6 in. x 6 in. posts with heavy corner gussets
Roof
Rust-proof coffee-brown aluminum
Anchoring
Post mounting brackets supplied; anchoring hardware is not, because mounting surfaces vary
Warranty
1 year on materials and workmanship; 5 years on lumber against rot and decay
Sizes
Roof 12 x 14 ft; base 10 ft 10⅜ in. x 12 ft 10⅜ in.

The structure people usually have in mind when they say pavilion: heavy timber posts, a solid roof, and the proportions of a building rather than a frame.

100% premium cedar with 6 in. x 6 in. posts and heavy corner gussets, under a rust-proof coffee-brown aluminum roof. An aluminum roof deck over timber is a lighter dead load than steel and does not rust, which on a twelve-by-fourteen span is a real engineering choice rather than a finish.

One year on materials and workmanship, five years on the lumber against rot and decay. A rot warranty is the term that matters on timber, and five years is the longest anyone here offers.

It publishes no wind or snow figure at all — and it does publish something more useful than most: post mounting brackets are supplied, anchoring hardware is not, because mounting surfaces vary. That is a manufacturer saying out loud that the foundation is your problem, which is more honest than most listings manage. Gazebo foundation options covers it.

Skip it if: You need a published rating for a permit or a committee. Yardistry prints neither a wind nor a snow figure.

Check price on Amazon

#ad Price shown as of September 26, 2026. How this site is funded

Specifications from Yardistry Meridian 12x14 product page, checked 2026-09-26.

The definition, and why the search results disagree

Search this and you will find four different answers, because the words are used loosely in the trade and very loosely in marketing copy.

The distinction that actually holds up is the roof. A pergola has an open roof — cross-rafters, slats, louvers, or a retractable fabric panel. A pavilion has a solid, fixed, pitched roof over an open-sided frame. A gazebo is the same solid roof on a smaller, usually symmetrical footprint, often octagonal and often with a raised floor; that comparison is covered on gazebo vs pavilion.

What muddies it is that manufacturers sell solid-roof pergolas. The Outsunny above is listed as a pergola and has a polycarbonate roof; several brands list hardtop structures under both words. That is not dishonesty so much as the category moving faster than the vocabulary — but it does mean you should buy on the roof description, not on the noun in the product title.

A useful test: if rain reaches the floor, it is a pergola.

What changes when the roof goes solid

Four things, and only the first one is the reason anyone thinks they are choosing.

  • Rain cover. The obvious one. An open pergola roof keeps almost no rain off; a solid roof keeps all of it off and gives you a space that is usable on a wet evening. A louvered roof sits in between and is the only one that lets you choose.
  • Wind load, and it goes the wrong way. A solid roof is a surface for wind to push on; an open one lets it through. That is why PURPLE LEAF publishes 70-72 mph for its louvered pergolas and 40 mph for its hardtop gazebos — same brand, same aluminum, different roof. Pergola wind ratings has the full comparison.
  • Snow load becomes a real number. An open pergola roof barely holds snow. A solid one holds all of it, which is why the solid-roof products here publish snow figures and the open ones mostly do not. Snow load explained covers converting a whole-roof pound figure into something you can compare.
  • Permit likelihood rises. A solid roof reads as a roof to a building department, which changes how the structure is classified, how it is assessed for snow and wind, and sometimes whether it counts against lot coverage. Pergola permits and HOA rules sets out the questions to ask.

Side by side

The comparison as published figures rather than adjectives.

Pergola and pavilion-type structures compared on what their manufacturers publish
StructureRoofRain coverPublished windPublished snowWarranty
Open cedar pergola (Yardistry 12 x 12)Multilevel open trellisNoneNot published by manufacturerNot published by manufacturer5 yr lumber against rot
Louvered pergola (PURPLE LEAF Athena)Adjustable aluminum louvers with drainageOn demand, louvers closed72 mph (secured on a hardened floor)Not published by manufacturer1 yr
Solid-roof pergola (Outsunny polycarbonate)Solid polycarbonate with drainage holesFullNot published by manufacturerRoof capacity 10 lb/ft²1 yr
Timber pavilion (Yardistry Meridian)Rust-proof aluminum over 6x6 cedarFullNot published by manufacturerNot published by manufacturer1 yr + 5 yr rot
Rated pavilion (Backyard Discovery Norwood)29-gauge galvanized steel peak roofFull100 mph (anchored per manual)6,700 lb / ~56 lb/ft² on 12 x 10 ft5 yr
Pergola and pavilion-type structures compared on what their manufacturers publish

Read the pattern, not the rows. The structures that publish real figures are the ones with heavy timber posts and a tested roof; the aluminum ones publish wind and go quiet on snow. That is not a conspiracy — it is what each manufacturer has actually tested, and it tells you which questions each one expects to be asked.

Where each one wins

Cutting through it, there are four clean cases.

  • Buy a pergola if the problem is sun. Dappled shade, airflow through the space, a lighter structure, lower wind and snow exposure, less likely to need a permit, and it keeps the yard feeling open rather than built on.
  • Buy a pavilion if the problem is rain. A space you can use in weather, furniture you can leave out, lighting and a fan you can mount, and a structure that reads as an outdoor room rather than a frame.
  • Buy a louvered pergola if the problem is both, and you would rather spend money than compromise. It is the only roof that changes its mind, and it is the reason this comparison is less decisive than it used to be.
  • Buy neither if the span is the point. If what you actually want is a big area of shade over a pool or a lawn, a tensioned fabric sail covers more square footage per dollar than any framed structure — shade sail vs pergola makes that case properly.

What we would actually do

In a mild climate, over a patio you want to feel open: a louvered pergola, anchored into a slab with stainless fixings. The PURPLE LEAF Athena's 72 mph figure is the highest published in its class and it is the only one tied to a stated anchoring condition.

Where it rains or snows seriously, and the space has to be usable in weather: the pavilion, and specifically a timber one with published figures. The Backyard Discovery Norwood's 100 mph and roughly 56 lb/ft² are several times what any aluminum structure here claims, and the reason is 6x6 posts rather than tube.

Where the budget is the constraint and rain cover is the goal: the Outsunny polycarbonate. Accept that no wind figure is published, keep it out of an exposed corner, and check the 10 lb/ft² roof capacity against your local ground snow load before you buy.

And in every case, anchor it properly and budget the fixings separately. Every published rating on this page assumes anchoring, and on half of these products the anchoring hardware is explicitly not in the box.

Questions people ask

What is the difference between a pergola and a pavilion?
The roof. A pergola's roof is open — slats, cross-rafters, louvers or retractable fabric — so rain reaches the floor. A pavilion has a solid, fixed, pitched roof over an open-sided frame, so it does not. Everything else that differs between them follows from that one fact.
Is a pavilion better than a pergola?
Only if your problem is rain. A pavilion gives you a usable outdoor room in weather; a pergola gives you shade, airflow, a lighter structure, lower wind and snow exposure and a better chance of avoiding a permit. They solve different problems rather than one being an upgrade of the other.
Does a pergola keep rain off?
An open-roof pergola, essentially no — it is a shade structure, not a shelter. A louvered pergola does when the louvers are closed and the louvers have integrated drainage, which is the main reason the louvered class exists. A solid-roof pergola, like the polycarbonate models, keeps all of it off.
Which handles wind better, a pergola or a pavilion?
An open pergola, and by a wide margin, because wind passes through the roof instead of pushing on it. PURPLE LEAF publishes 70-72 mph for its louvered pergolas and 40 mph for its solid-roof hardtop gazebos — the same brand and the same aluminum, with the roof as the only variable.
Do you need a permit for a pavilion?
More often than for a pergola, because a solid roof reads as a roof to a building department and changes how the structure is classified and assessed. It is always a local question. Pergola permits and HOA rules sets out what to ask and in what order.
Is a pavilion the same as a gazebo?
Close, and the usage is loose. Both have a solid roof over an open-sided frame; a gazebo is typically smaller, more symmetrical — often octagonal — and sometimes has a raised floor, while a pavilion is usually rectangular and larger. Gazebo vs pavilion goes through it in detail.
Which costs more, a pergola or a pavilion?
A pavilion, for the same footprint, because a solid roof means more material, heavier posts to carry it and a foundation sized for the load. The gap narrows once you compare against a louvered pergola, which is the most expensive thing in the pergola category.
Can a pergola be converted into a pavilion?
Sometimes, and it is the decision to think hardest about. Adding a solid roof to a frame specified for an open one changes the wind and snow load it carries, and no published rating survives the modification. If a solid roof is where you will end up, buy the structure that was designed for one.